Harness racing is also found throughout Europe, New Zealand and Australia.The United States Trotting Association organizes harness racing in the United States.The Standardbred dominates the sport in both trotting and pacing varieties. Both light and heavy breeds as well as ponies are raced in harness with a sulky or racing bike.It is most common in the UK, where it is also called National Hunt racing. Steeplechasing involves racing on a track where the horses also jump over obstacles.other light breeds are also raced worldwide. In the US, horse racing is governed by The Jockey Club. In the UK, it is known as flat racing and is governed by the Jockey Club in the United Kingdom. Thoroughbred horse racing is the most popular form worldwide.Thoroughbreds have the pre-eminent reputation as a racing breed, but other breeds also race. Gambling on horse races appears to go hand-in hand with racing and has a long history as well. Humans appear to have long expressed a desire to know which horse or horses were the fastest, and horse racing has ancient roots. Main articles: Horse racing, Harness racing, and Parimutuel gambling Equestrianism was introduced in the 1900 Summer Olympics as an Olympic sport with jumping events. Horses were brought back to North America by European explorers, beginning with the second voyage of Columbus in 1493. Horses lived in North America, but died out at the end of the Ice Age. The horse played an important role throughout human history all over the world, both in warfare and in peaceful pursuits such as transportation, trade and agriculture. In ancient times chariot warfare was followed by the use of war horses as light and heavy cavalry. Chariot burials about 2500 BC present the most direct hard evidence of horses used as working animals. However, the most unequivocal early archaeological evidence of equines put to working use was of horses being driven.
There is some evidence that about 3,000 BC, near the Dnieper River and the Don River, people were using bits on horses, as a stallion that was buried there shows teeth wear consistent with using a bit. Though there is controversy over the exact date horses were domesticated and when they were first ridden, the best estimate is that horses first were ridden approximately 3500 BC. Main articles: Domestication of the horse and Horses in warfare Prehistoric cave painting, depicting a horse and rider Riding halls enable training of horse and rider in all weathers as well as indoor competition riding. Horses continue to be used in public service, in traditional ceremonies (parades, funerals), police and volunteer mounted patrols and for mounted search and rescue. In some parts of the world, they are still used for practical purposes such as farming.
Horses are also driven in harness racing, at horse shows, and in other types of exhibition such as historical reenactment or ceremony, often pulling carriages. Horses are also used for therapeutic purposes both in specialized para-equestrian competition as well as non-competitive riding to improve human health and emotional development.
There is public access to horse trails in almost every part of the world many parks, ranches, and public stables offer both guided and independent riding. Horses (and other equids such as mules) are used for non-competitive recreational riding, such as fox hunting, trail riding, or hacking. Some popular forms of competition are grouped together at horse shows where horses perform in a wide variety of disciplines. They are also used in competitive sports including dressage, endurance riding, eventing, reining, show jumping, tent pegging, vaulting, polo, horse racing, driving, and rodeo (see additional equestrian sports listed later in this article for more examples). Horses are trained and ridden for practical working purposes, such as in police work or for controlling herd animals on a ranch. Overview of equestrian activities Musicians riding horses, Tang dynasty This broad description includes the use of horses for practical working purposes, transportation, recreational activities, artistic or cultural exercises, and competitive sport. Equestrian tour on traditional local breed, Icelandic horses in Skaftafell mountains of IcelandĮquestrianism (from Latin equester, equestr-, equus, 'horseman', 'horse'), commonly known as horse riding ( Commonwealth English) or horseback riding ( American English), includes the disciplines of riding, driving, and vaulting. A young rider at a horse show in Australia Lusitano riders of the Portuguese School of Equestrian Art, one of the "Big Four" most prestigious riding academies in the world, alongside the Cadre Noir, the Spanish Riding School, and the Royal Andalusian School. For the painting, see Horsewoman (painting).
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